Investigating on the Effects of Congestion Pricing on Increasing Public Transit Share

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PHD, Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Nowadays, traffic management policy in metropolitans is focused on increasing the share of public transit. The limitation of supply and slowing growth of road infrastructures have provided congestion for users who choose personal cars. Therefore, applying demand management policies which decrease the utility of personal cars and increase the tendency to public transit can be very important. Congestion pricing is a concept from market economics regarding the use of pricing mechanisms. One of the main questions is the effect of pricing strategy on mode choice behavior of users. This paper aims to investigate the effects of congestion pricing on choosing transit among people. Since direct observation of the pricing scenarios is impossible, stated preference approach has been used. Scenarios of pricing based on empirical design are provided and distributed among the respondents. The questionnaire included socio-economic and trip characteristics of the respondents. Based on the pricing scenarios, three choices including "personal car", "public transit”, and "other modes” were included. More than 3500 questionnaire are gathered and coded. For modeling, the multinomial logit has been applied and calibrated for every choice. The results show that pricing can be used as an appropriate tool for demand management and encouraging users to choose public transit. Setting 30000 IRR1 entrance toll causes 13 percent change in modal shift from personal car to public transit. Finally, the model results at various costs have been discussed.

Keywords

References

- Bowerman, A. (2007) “The costs and benefits of road pricing: Comparing Nationwide charging with project-based schemes”, IEA discussion paper, No.17-18.Bureau, B. and Glachant, M. (2008) “Distributional effects of road pricing: Assessment of nine scenarios for Paris”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 42, issue 7 , pp. 994-1007.
- Chen, Y. and Jana, R. (1990) “Using Generalized Second Price Auction for Congestion Pricing”, At-T labs Research Center.
- Cronbach, L. J. (1951) “Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests”, Psychometrika , pp. 297-334.
- Eliasson, J., Hultkrantz, L., Nerhagen, L. and Rosqvist, L.S. (2009) “The Stockholm congestion-charging trial 2006: Overview of effects”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 43, issue 3, pp. 240–250.
- Frick, K.T., Heminger, S., Dittmar, H. (1996) “Bay bridge congestion-pricing project: Lessons learned to date”, Transportation Research Record, pp. 29–38.
- Hensher, A. D. and Button, K, J. (2000) "Handbook of Transport Modeling", Emerald Group Publishing, Chiechester, West Susex, England.
- Kim, J., Schmocker, J. D., Fujii, S. and Noland, R. (2013) “Attitudes towards € road pricing and environmental taxation among US and UK students”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 48, pp. 50-62.
- Kockelman, K., Donna Chen, T., Katie, L. and Brice, G. (2013) “The economics of transportation systems: A reference for practitioners”.
-Litman, T. (2011) “London congestion pricing implications for other cities”, Victoria Transport Policy.
- McFadden, D. (1974) “The measurement of urban travel demand”, Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 303-328.
- MIT Portugal Program. (2009) “Stated preference survey for new smart transport modes and services: design, pilot study and new revision”, Transportation Systems Focus Area.Polak,J. (1992) “An assessment of some recent studies of travelers choice of time of travel”, Transport studies unit, University of Oxford.
- Small, K.A. (1992) “Use the revenues from congestion pricing”, Transportation 19, pp.359–381.
- Sugiyanto, G., Malkhamah, S., Munawar, A. and Sutomo, H. (2009) “Modeling the effect of congestion pricing on mode choice in yogyakarta”, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia.
- Xu,Shunan. and Ben Akiva. (2009) “Development and test of dynamic congestion pricing model”, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- Zheng, Z., Liu, Z., Liu, C. and Shiwakoti, N. (2014) “Understanding public response to a congestion charge: a random-effects ordered logit approach”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 70, pp117-134.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics