-Archila, Andres- Felipen, Sakamoto, Ryusuke, Fearing, Rebecca Cassler and Sussman, Joseph M. (2013) "Productivity of passenger rail transportation services in the northeast corridor", Presentation at the 2014 Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board.
-Beck, Arne, Bente, Heiner and Schilling, Martin (2013) "Railway efficiency: An overview and a look at opportunities for improvement", International Transport Forum Discussion Paper, No. 2013-12, International Transport Forum, Paris,
-Dingler, Mark, Koenig, Amanda, Sogin, Sam, and Barkan, Christopher P. L. (2010) "Determining the causes of train delay", Paper presented at the AREMA 2010 Annual Conference Proceedings.
-Emamimeybodi, Ali (1384) "Principles of measuring performance and productivity". institute for business studies and research publishing (In Persian)
-Gómez-Ibáñez, José. A (2004) "Railroad reform: an overview of the options", Paper presented at the Conference on Railway Reform Rafael del Pino Foundation, Madrid, September 18-19, 2004
-Hansen, Ingo A. Wiggenraad, PBL and Wolff, JW. (2013) "Performance analysis of railway infrastructure and operations", Paper presented at the WCTR 2013: 12th World Conference on Transport Research, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15-18 July 2013.
-Hilmola, Olli-Pekka (2007) "European railway freight transportation and adaptation to demand decline: Efficiency and partial productivity analysis from period of 1980-2003", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 56, Issue.3, pp 205-225.
-INPO: Iran National Productivity Organization (1387 SH) "Productivity Indexes in Iran".
-IR: Iran Railways (2014) "Fleet performance data report”.
-Jain, Priyanka, Cullinane, Sharon. and Cullinane, Kevin (2008) "The impact of governance development models on urban rail efficiency", Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 42, Issue.9, pp 1238-1250.
-Kriem, Youssef (2011) "Productivity of the US freight rail industry: A review of the past and prospects for the future", Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil and Environment Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
-Mizutani, Fumitoshi and Uranishi, Shuji. (2003) "The Effects of privatization on TFP growth and capital adjustments", Kobe University Discussion Paper Series, Japan", Vol. 3.
-Mohri, S. Sina and Haghshenas, Hossein (2017) "Evaluation of Iran rail freight transportation efficiency in comparison between the world countries and the middle east and Central Asia", International Journal of Transportation Engineering, Volume 5, No 18, Autumn 2017, pp. 103-117
-Movahedi, M. M., Abtahi, S.Y. and Motamedi, M. (2011) "Iran railway efficiency analysis, using DEA: An international comparison", International Journal of Applied Operational Research-An Open Access Journal, No. 1, pp 1-7.
-NTC: National Transport Commission report (2008) "Rail poductivity information paper, Australia’s rail industry”.
-Oum, Tae Hoon, Waters, W. G, and Yu, Chunyan (1999) "A survey of productivity and efficiency measurement in rail transport", Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 9-42.
- Pourkazemi, M. H. and Soltani, H. A. (1386) "Assessment of productivity in Iranian Railway compared to Asian and Middle East Countries” Economic Research Journal", No 78. Spring 86, pp.87-121
-UN: Economic and Social Council of United Nation (2012) "Productivity in rail transport", https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/doc/2012/sc2/ECE-TRANS-SC2-2012-05e.pdf