ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of an Automatic Land Use Extraction System in Urban Areas using VHR Aerial Imagery and GIS Vector Data
Lack of detailed land use (LU) information and efficient data collection methods have made the modeling of urban systems difficult. This study aims to develop a novel hierarchical rule-based LU extraction framework using geographic vector and remotely sensed (RS) data, in order to extract detailed subzonal LU information, residential LU in this study. The LU extraction system is developed to extract residential LU at a fine spatial level parcel through morphological analysis. First, a novel hybrid pixel- and object-based land cover (LC) classification system, coupled with a sophisticated GIS post-classification correction process, is developed to extract land cover, including vegetation, parking lot, and bare soil, required for LU classification. The land cover classification system developed results in an overall accuracy of 96.4%. Residential LUs are then extracted by examining the morphological properties of individual parcels (which are derived from RS and geographic vector data) using a binary logistic model, which results in an overall accuracy of 97.5%. The above results show that the LU classification expert system developed can classify and then divide large zones with mixed LUs into single-LU subzones with a high accuracy. Therefore, it has a significant value to address several persistent issues caused by using large zones in urban modeling, such as intrazonal travel and mixed-LU zones.
http://www.ijte.ir/article_3233_2a532015573d06f0414b943b43da0198.pdf
2013-07-01
69
79
10.22119/ijte.2013.3233
Land use classification
land cover classification
Remote Sensing
morphological analysis
Seyed
Ahad Beykaei
1
Ph.D Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ming
Zhong
mzhong@whut.edu.cn
2
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada
AUTHOR
Sajad
Shiravi
3
MSc Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada
AUTHOR
Yun
Zhang
4
Professor, Department of Geomatics and Geodesy, University of New Brunswick, Canada
AUTHOR
- Agresti, A. (1996) “An introduction to categorical data analysis”, New York: Wiley.
1
- Barnsley, M. J., Steel, A. M. and Barr, S. L. (2003) “Determining urban land use through an analysis of the spatial composition of buildings identified in lidar and multispectral image data”, In V. Mesev (Ed.), Remotely sensed cities (pp. 47–82), London: Taylor & Francis.
2
- Beykaei, S. A., Zhong, M. and Zhang, Y. (2010) “Evaluating the accuracy of extracting urban land cover/use from remotely sensed imagery and its potential application in urban planning”, 8th International Transportation Specialty Conference, CSCE, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
3
- Chan, J. C., Bellens, R., Canters, F. and Gautama, S. (2009) “An assessment of geometric activity features for per-pixel classification of urban man-made object using very high resolution satellite imagery”, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 75(4), pp.397-411.
4
- Deng, J.S., Wang, K., Li, J., Feng, X.L., and Huang, J.Q. (2005) “Integration of SPOT-5 and ETM+ images to detect land cover change in urban environment”, Proceedings of Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS '05, IEEE International, Vol 4, pp.2284- 2286.
5
- Gomarasca, M. A., Brivio, P. A., Pagnoni, F. and Galli, A. (1993) “One century of land use changes in the metropolitan area of Milan (Italy)”, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 14, pp.211– 223.
6
- Hill, J. and Hostert, P. (1996) “Monitoring the growth of a Mediterranean Metropolis based on the analysis of spectral mixtures – A case study on Athens (Greece)”, in Progress in Environmental Remote Sensing Research and Applications, edited by Parlow (Rotterdam: Balkema), pp.21–30.
7
- Liu, W. and Prinet, Y. (2005). “Building detection from high-resolution satellite image using Probability Model.” Proceedings of Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS '05. 2005 IEEE International, Vol. 6, pp.3888- 3891.
8
- McGibbon, G. S. and Eyton, J. R. (1996) “Frequencybased contextual landform classification.” The Canadian Surveyor, GEOMATICA, 50(3), pp. 287-299.
9
- Mesev, V. (2005) “Identification and characterization of urban building patterns using IKONOS imagery and point-based postal data.” Comput., Environ.Urban Syst., 29(5), pp.541-557.
10
- Mohaptra, R. P. and Wu, C. (2008) “Subpixel imperviousness: Estimation with IKONOS imagery: An artificial neural network approach.” Remote Sensing of Impervious Surfaces, pp.21-37.
11
- Mundia, C. N., and Aniya, M. (2005) “Analysis of land use/ cover changes and urban expansion of Nairobi City using remote sensing and GIS.” International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26 (13), pp.2831-2849.
12
- Pacifici, F., Fabio, D. F., Solimini, D. and Burini, A. (2007) “Urban land cover classification: potential of high and very-high resolution SAR imagery.” IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Barcelona, Spain, 1982-1985.
13
- Pesaresi, M. and Bianchin, A. (2001) “Recognizing Settlement Structure Using Mathematical Morphology and Image Texture.” In: Donnay, J.-P., Barnsley, M. and Longley, P., Editors, 2001. Remote sensing and urban analysis, Taylor & Francis, London, 55–67.
14
- Xiao, Y., Lim, S. K., Tan, S.T., and Tay, S. C. (2004) “Feature extraction using very high resolution satellite imagery”, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Anchorage, Alaska, pp.2004- 2007.
15
- Yoshida, H., and Omae, M (2005). “An approach for analysis of urban morphology: Methods to derive morphological properties of city blocks by using an urban landscape model and their interpretations”, Comput., Environ.Urban Syst., 29(2), pp. 223-247.
16
- Zhang, Y. (1999) “Optimization of building detection in satellite data by combining multispectral classification and texture filtering.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 54(1), pp.50-60.
17
- Zhang, Y. (2001) “Detection of urban housing development by fusing multisensor satellite data and performing spatial feature post-classification”, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(17), pp.3339-3355.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Availability and Accessibility Assessment of Public Transit System in Jaipur City
Majority of the million plus cities in India are facing serious problems of traffic congestion and pollution due to the unprecedented and rapid pace of urbanization in last decade. City planners are providing solution to these twin problems by developing Mass Rapid Transit System including Metro and BRT in many Indian Metropolitan cities. The availability of transit network and pedestrian accessibility is key issue in planning of effective Public Transit, which affects the ridership significantly. The studies around the globe have shown that lack of accessibility and poor quality pedestrian infrastructure has led to the continued loss of mode share for public transit trips in cities. In the present study, public transit network availability and pedestrian accessibility has been estimated for the city bus routes in Jaipur city. To assess the availability of public transit network on spatial basis, some numerical index has been introduced using GIS tools, based on capacity, frequency and coverage as Public Transit Coverage Index (PTCI), similarly to measure the pedestrian accessibility numerical indices, as Ideal and Actual Stop Accessibility Index (ISAI and ASAI) and Stop Coverage Ratio Index (SCRI) has also been determined on GIS platform. These indices indicate the well served or underserved area by existing transit network and accessibility of a bus stop through the surrounding road network which may help town planners to develop future transit network and also the pedestrian facilities around a bus stop in order to make transit system more accessible and to increase the public transit mode share in the city.
http://www.ijte.ir/article_3234_760af2999fb018935359adfab87d4309.pdf
2013-07-01
81
91
10.22119/ijte.2013.3234
Public transit availability
bus stop coverage
pedestrian accessibility
GIS
Vimal
Gahlot
vgahlot@rediffmail.com
1
Assistant Engineer, Public Works Department, Govt. of Rajasthan, Formerly research Scholar, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur (RAJ)
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.L.
Swami
2
Professor, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur (RAJ)
AUTHOR
M.
Parida
mprdafce@iit.ac.in
3
Professor, Centre for Transportation Systems (CTRANS), Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, (UK)
AUTHOR
P.
Kalla
4
Assistant Professor, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur (RAJ)
AUTHOR
- Foda, M. A. (2010) “Using GIS for measuring transit stop accessibility considering actual pedestrian road network”, Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2010, pp. 23-40.
1
- Foda, M. A. and Osman, A. O. (2008) “A GIS approach to study the bus transit network accessibility, case study: The City of Alexandria”, Journal of Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Vol. 34, No. 65, pp. 32-39.
2
- Gebeyehu M. and Takano, S. (2008) “Demand responsive route design: GIS application to link downtowns with expansion areas”, Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 43-62.
3
- Gururaj, G. (2006) “Road traffic injury prevention in Bangalore, India”, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Publication No. 56, Bangaluru.
4
-Hillman, R. and Pool, G. (1997) “GIS-based innovations for modeling public transport accessibility”, Traffic Engineering and Control, Vol. 38, No.10, pp. 554–559.
5
- Jaipur Development Authority, JDA, http://www.jdajajjipur.org. Accessed Jan 2011.
6
- Jumsan, …. (2005) “Determination of a bus service coverage area reflecting passenger attribute skim”, Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 6, pp. 529 – 543.
7
- Kittelson Associates, Inc. and URS, Inc. (2001) “Transit level of service (TLOS) software user’s guide”, Version 3.1. Developed for Florida Department of Transportation Public Transit Office.
8
- Kittleson & Associates (2003a) “Transit capacity and quality of service manual”, Report 100,Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board
9
- Kittleson & Associates (2003b) “Guidebook for developing a transit performance-measurement System”, Transit Cooperative Research Program, TRB
10
- MoUD Report (2008) “Study of traffic and transportation policies and strategies in urban areas in India, Final report”, Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi.
11
- NUTP (2005) “National Urban Transport Policy”, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India.
12
- Rood, Timothy (1998) “The local index of transit availability, an implementation manual”, Local Government Commission, USA
13
- TCRP, (1999) “Final report, transit capacity and quality of service manual”, Transportation Research Board, Washington DC.
14
- Tiwari, G. (2001) “Pedestrian infrastructure in the city transport system: A Case Study of Delhi”, World Transport Policy & Practice, Volume 7, Number 4, pp.13-18.
15
- Todd, Litman (2011) “Evaluating public transit benefits and costs”, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, http://www.vtpi.org .Accessed January 2011.
16
- World mobility at the end of the twentieth century and its Sustainability (2011) http://www.wbcsdmobility.org .Accessed March 2011.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Novel Method for Travel System Patterns
Due to population growth in urban areas, especially in the capital cities in developing countries, the use of private vehicles are increasing, leading to many problems such as congestion, pollution, noise, long travel time, high travel cost and more side effects. In such circumstances government policy would encourage people to use public transportation. In the meantime, employing the Intelligent Transport System consisting of two parts including private sector and public sector by predicting the dynamic travel time, can help the travelers to be aware of the latest traffic information. To achieve this objective, the calculation of traffic flow, demand of passenger and transport means availability are vital. The double constraint gravity model is a crucial methodology for predicting the origin destination matrix. This paper represents a Travel System Pattern (TSP) based on proposed methodology. TSP tries to let the travellers and authority know about the best travel route with considering the shortest dynamic travel time information. For this purpose the travellers are able to be aware of the travel time and other details of travel route via the internet or SMS system. Hence, a case study based on an actual public and private network in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is chosen as a case study area. The result shows that the accuracy of the proposed method indicated reasonable R2 of 0.926 for the evening rush traffic period. This indicates that the TSP developed in the present study is a reliable and suitable tool to guide the travellers and companies.
http://www.ijte.ir/article_3235_93a46be5369decf3a6b8455c15ae3a92.pdf
2013-07-01
93
100
10.22119/ijte.2013.3235
OD matrix
traffic assignment
multi-modal
ITS
delay time
Mohammad Hesam
Hafezi
1
MSc., Research Scholar, Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA)/, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Foad
Shokri
2
Postdoc Researcher, Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA)/, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Amir
Falamarzi
3
PhD Student, Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA)/, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Amiruddin
Ismail
4
Professor, Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA)/, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Riza Atiq O
.K. Rahmat
5
Professor, Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA)/, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
AUTHOR
- Austroads (1993) “Roundabouts guide to traffic engineering practice, Part 6., Association of Australian State Road and Transport Authorities”, Sydney.
1
- Dewitt, W. and Clinger, J. (2000) “Intermodal freight transportation. <http://www.nationalacademies.org/trb/ publications/millennium/00061.pdf>
2
- Hafezi, M. H. and Ismail, A. (2011a) “Study behaviour of passengers on transit operation”, Journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials: Advanced Transportation, Vols. 97-98 , pp. 1154-1157.
3
- Hafezi, M. H. and Ismail, A. (2011b) “Interaction between bus stops location and traffic on bus operation”, Journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials: Advanced Transportation, Vols. 97-98 , pp. 1185-1188
4
- Hafezi, M. H., and Ismail, A. (2011c) “Balancing between headway and frequency scheduling for bus service”, Journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials: Advanced Transportation, 97-98, pp. 669-673.
5
- Hafezi, M. H. and Ismail, A. (2012) A Comparative Analysis of Fare Collection System on Bus Operations, Journal ofApplied Sciences. Volume 12, Number 4, pp.393-397.
6
- Ismail, A. and Hafezi, M. H. (2011) “Analyzing of bus operation to obtain regular frequency for Neo-mission”, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(11): pp.1275-1284.
7
- ManWo, N. and Waller, S. T. (2012) “A dynamic route choice model considering uncertain capacities”. Journal of Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 27(4): pp.231-243.
8
- Pelletier, M. P., Trépanier, M. and Morency, C. (2011) “Smart card data use in public transit: A literature review”, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 19(4): pp.557-568.
9
- Rahmat, R. A. A. (1994) “Model pengangkutan bandar: Pendekatan secara teori dan amali. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Kuala Lumpur.
10
- Shokri, F., Ismail, A. and Rahmat, R. A. (2010) “Route choice decision based on real time information”, Journal of Applied Science, Vol.10, No.19, pp. 2304-2309.
11
- Shokri, F., Chu, M.Y. Mokhtarian, H. R. Rahmat, R. Aand Ismail, O. K. (2009) “ A best route based on gueleconomy”, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.32, No.2 , pp.177-186.
12
- Torbjörn, Larsson, Lundgren , Jan T. and Peterson, Anders (2010) “Allocation of link flow detectors for origin-destination matrix estimation—A comparative study”, Journal of Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Volume 25, Issue 2, pp. 116–131.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Systematic Method to Analyze Transport Networks: Considering Traffic Shifts
Current network modeling practices usually assess the network performance at specified time interval, i.e. every 5 or 10 years time horizon. Furthermore, they are usually based on partially predictable data, which are being generated through various stochastic procedures. In this research, a new quantitative based methodology which combines combinatorial optimization modeling and transportation network engineering has been implemented to identify the network performance over time horizon. This method incorporates both uniform traffic demand growth and demand shifts towards more attractive zones (demand uncertainty) in the network. The proposed combinatorial programming approach defines a quantitative measure of growth and shift in the traffic load that a network can sustain. This method can assess the various potential growth topology of a transport network and investigate if a specified topology can sustain more traffic demand or if any specific topology can handle traffic shifts without significant need to amend the network infrastructure. It is believed that this quantitative measure is useful both in transport network design and in the performance analysis of the existing networks. In this paper, the application of this method is demonstrated by applying the method to a part of the Melbourne’s transportation network.
http://www.ijte.ir/article_3236_5b98054bce8fc116eee67890d8955d60.pdf
2013-07-01
101
113
10.22119/ijte.2013.3236
Transportation engineering
network design and planning
transport network optimization
Majid
Sarvi
majid.sarvi @ monash.edu
1
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hassan
Sabzehali
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
AUTHOR
- Asakura, Y. and Kashiwadani, M. (1994) "Estimation of day-to-day dynamics of road network flow using observed link traffic and its application to network reliability analysis. Doboku Gakkai Rombun- Hokokushu",Proceedings of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers. pp. 17-25.
1
- Bell, M. G. H. (2000) "A game theory approach to measuring the performance reliability of transport networks", Transportation Research Part B. Vol. 34, pp. 533-545.
2
- Chen, A., Hai, Y., Lo, H. K. and Tnag, W. H. (2002) "Capacity reliability of a road network: an assessment methodology and numerical results", Transportation Research Part B: Methodological. Vol. 36, Issue 3, , pp. 225-252.
3
- Chen, A., Yang, H., Lo, H. K. and Tang, W. H. (1999) "A capacity related reliability for transportation networks", Journal of Advanced Transportation. Vol:33, pp. 183-200.
4
- Iida, Y. and Wakabayashi, H. (1989) "Comparative study of approximation methods of terminal reliability analysis for road networks", Doboku Gakkai Rombun- Hokokushu/Proceedings of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers. pp. 107-116.
5
- Ortuzar, J. and Willumsen, L. G. (2005) "Modeling transport", Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, LTD.
6
- Ouveysi, I. and Sarvi, M. (2011) "A quantitative measure for the lifetime analysis of transport networks", working paper, Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University
7
- Papacostas, C. S. and Prevedouros, P. D. (2001) "Transportation engineering and Planning", Prentice- Hall Inc.
8
- Scott, D. M., Novak, D. C., Aultman-Hall, L. and Guo, F. (2006) "Network robustness index: A new method for identifying critical links and evaluating the performance of transportation networks", Journal of Transport Geography. Vol. 14, pp. 215 227.
9
- Sumalee, A., Luathep, P., Lam, W. H. K. and Connors, R. D. ( 2009) "Evaluation and design of transport network capacity under demand uncertainty", Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation
10
Research Board. Vol. 2090/2009, pp.17-28.
11
- Webster, F. V. and Cobbe, B. M. (1966) "Traffic signals", London, Ministry of Technology. pp. 111.
12
- Wong, S. C. and Yang, H. (1997) "Reserve capacity of a signal-controlled road network", Transportation Research Part B: Methodological. Vol. 31, Issue 5, pp. 397-402.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluating the Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Heavy Vacuum Slops as Rejuvenator
Due to the high price of crude oil, and consequently asphalt binder, the application of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in pavement technology is widely considered. The present paper is the result of a laboratory research which was carried out to investigate the effects of adding a rejuvenating agent to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) with RAP. To this end, test samples comprised of Aged Asphalt Binder (AAB) that were extracted from RAP, together with a rejuvenating agent were added in different ratios. The study made use of a variety of tests to determine the different percentage ratios of rejuvenator in terms of penetration, softening point and viscosity of the binder. The Marshall Method was then applied to investigate the impact of using a different recycling agent content on the performance of the prepared mixtures. Also, the Universal Testing Machine apparatus was used to determine the resilient modulus and dynamic creep of reclaimed asphalt. The results show that after adding 10% of Heavy Vacuum Slops (HVS) from the Tehran refinery as the rejuvenating agent to reclaim the aged asphalt, there is an improvement in the applicability of reclaimed asphalt cement. In addition, the test results suggest that adding 10% of the rejuvenator leads to RAP mixtures which meet the criteria of a virgin HMA.
http://www.ijte.ir/article_3237_10f48f58f6083f7024d44011379bdfdc.pdf
2013-07-01
115
124
10.22119/ijte.2013.3237
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
aged asphalt binder
rejuvenator
heavy vacuum slops
Hot Mix Asphalt
Ehsan
Yaghoubi
1
M.Sc., Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Ahadi
ahadireza@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Transportation Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohsen
Alijanpour Sheshpoli
3
M.Sc., Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hamid
Jahanian Pahlevanloo
4
M.Sc. Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
- ASTM D 7369-09 (2010) “Standard test method for determining the resilient modulus of bituminous mixtures by indirect tension test”, American Society for Testing and Materials, Vol. 04.03.
1
- Brennan, M.J. and O’Flaherty, C. A. (2002) “Chapter 5: Materials used in road pavements”, In: O’Flaherty, C. A. (2002) Highways (The location, design, construction and maintenance of road pavements), 4thEd., Butterworth- Heinemann, Oxford, UK.
2
- Carvalho , R. L. (2010) “Performance of recycled hotmix asphalt overlays in rehabilitation of flexible pavements”, Transportation Research Record, No. 2155, pp. 55-62
3
- Tam, W.O. (2006) “Chapter 7: Highway materials”, in: FWA, T. F. (2006) The Handbook of Highway Engineering, 1st Ed. Taylor and Francis Group (CRC Press), USA.
4
- Li, X. (2008) “Effect of reclaimed asphalt pavement (proportion and type) and binder grade on asphalt mixtures.
5
Transportation Research Record, No. 2051, pp. 90-97.
6
- Lin, J., Guo, P., Xie, J., Wu, S. and Chen, M. (2012) “Effect of rejuvenator sealer materials on the properties of aged asphalt binder”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, on-line @ http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/1 0.1061/%28ASCE%29MT.1943-5533.0000702
7
- McDaniel, R. (2002) “Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) under superpave specifications”, Final Report of Federal Highway Administration Report No FHWA/IN/JTRP-2002/6, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
8
- O’Sullivan, K. A. (2011) “Rejuvenation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in hot mix asphalt recycling with high RAP content”, Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for MSc Degree in Civil Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massachusetts, USA.
9
- Shen, J., Amirkhanian, S. and Tang, B. (2007) “Effects of rejuvenator on performance-based properties of rejuvenated asphalt binder and mixtures”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 5, pp. 958–964
10
- Silva, H. M. R. D., Oliveira, J. R.M. and Jesus C. M. G. (2012) “Are totally recycled hot mix asphalts a sustainable alternative for road paving?”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 60, pp. 38-48
11
- Solaimanian, M. and Tahmoressi, M. (1996) “Variability analysis of hot-mix asphalt concrete containing high percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement”, Transportation Research Record, No. 1543, pp. 89-96
12
- Witczak, W. (2005) “Simple performance tests: Summary of recommended methods and database”, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 547, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., USA
13
- Zhang, Y., Van de Ven, M., Molenaar, A. and Wu, S. (2012) “Increasing the service life of porous asphalt with rejuvenators”. In: Proceeding of Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials, Wuhan, China. pp. 318-330
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Using the Statistical Analysis of Carbon Nano-tubes Dispersion in Bitumen Employing MINITAB Software
Nowadays, utilisation of Nano-materials as one of the most recent methods of bitumen modification has attracted attention of many researchers. However, not enough research has been pursued on their mixing with bitumen, because of their dimensions and specific properties. In this study, the carbon Nano-tubes were mixed with bitumen using different mixers and some images were recorded employing a scanning electron microscope. Then, different statistical analyses were carried out on the experiment of penetration degree performed on several samples. The recorded images of mixed samples and the statistical analyses show that the ultrasonic mixer has mixed the carbon Nano-tubes more homogeneously with bitumen compared to other mixers.
http://www.ijte.ir/article_3238_f47f4d6300a971d95e50351ecda2a4e1.pdf
2013-07-01
125
136
10.22119/ijte.2013.3238
Bitumen
CNT(Carbon Nano Tubes)
SEM
mixers
Hasan
Ziari
1
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hosein
Farahani
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Goli
a.goli@trn.ui.ac.ir
3
Ph.D Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
- Al-Hadidy AI and Tan Yi-qiu (2009) “Mechanistic approach for polypropylene-modified flexible pavements”. Journal of Materials; 30:pp.1133–40.
1
- Banthia, N. (2009) “Fiber reinforced concrete for sustainable and intelligent infra structure”. In: First International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment Infrastructures in Developing Countries, Algeria, pp. 337–350
2
- Branner, M., Kavi, A.M. and Li, M. G. (2008) “Carbon Nanotube-fiber reinforced cement and concrete”, Patent US 2008.1034942A1
3
- Collins, J. H., Boudin, M. G., Gelles R. and Berker A. (1991) “Improved performance of paving asphalts by polymer modification”, Proceedings: Association of Asphalt Pavememnt Technology ;60:pp.43–79.
4
- Ghile, D. B. (2006) “Effects of nanoclay modification on rheology of bitumen and on performance of asphalt mixtures”, MSc. thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
5
- Hussain, F. (2006) “Review article: polymer–matrix nanocomposites, processing, manufacturing, and application”. Journal of Composite Materials;40:pp.1511–75
6
- http://www.directindustry.com/cat/ mixing-and-dosing/ high-shear-mixers-dispersers-BG-1320.html
7
- http://composites.poly.edu/facilities.htm
8
- Ma, F., Zhang, C. and Fu, Z. (2007) “Performance and modification mechanism of nano-CaCO3 modified asphalt”, Transportation Science and Engineering; 31:pp.88–91.
9
- Lu, X. and Isacsson, U. (2001) “Modification of road bitumens with thermoplastic polymers”. Polym Test ;20:pp.77–86.
10
- Read, J. and Whiteoak, D.(2003) “The shell bitumenhandbook” (5th ed.), Thomas Telford Publishing, London.
11
- Polacco, G., Berlincioni, S., Biondi, D., Stastna, J. and Zanzotto L. (2005) “Asphalt modification with different polyethylene- based polymers”, Eur Polym J; 41:pp.2831–44.
12
- Sengoz, B. and Isikyakar, G. (2007) “Evaluation of the properties and microstructure of SBS and EVA polymer modified bitumen, Construction Building Matererials;22:pp.1897–905.
13
- Yu, J. 2007) “Effect of montmorillonite on properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer modified bitumen”. Polymeric Engineering Science; 47:pp.1289–95.
14