@article { author = {Faezi, Seyed Farzin and Elyasi, Mohammad Reza and Mirshekarian Babaki, Mehrdad and Riahi, Sadegh}, title = {Evaluation of performance characteristics of asphalt mixture reinforced with palm tree fibers}, journal = {International Journal of Transportation Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {317-334}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute}, issn = {2322-259X}, eissn = {2538-3728}, doi = {10.22119/ijte.2021.164965.1453}, abstract = {Despite the high cost of paving the roads in Iran, according to experts, the useful life of asphalt is expected to be only 3 to 5 years. Due to the abundance of palm trees, the objective of this study is to determine the resistance of palm fiber-reinforced asphalt mixtures as an additive and asphalt modifier. In this study, four types of mixtures were prepared. The first mix was prepared as a control and non-fibrous mixture, and the second type were mixed with 0.1% and the third type with 0.3% and the fourth type with 0.5% weight of asphalt mixture of palm fiber. Six samples were prepared for each mixture, three samples were dried and three others were tested after partial saturation and moisture treatment with a melting and freezing cycle (24 samples). The Semi-Circular Bend Test (SCB), Marshall Stability of bituminous mixture, flow tests, indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus and moisture damage were assessed. The results of indirect tensile strength test showed that the use of palm fiber in dry condition at all percentages of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% improves the resistance. In saturated state, for fibers added up to 0.3% results were positive, but for more fibers, the results were negative. For moisture sensitivity parameter of the asphalt mixtures of the addition of fiber up to 0.3%, the least moisture damage was observed. The results of the resilient modulus of the mixtures showed that using 0.3% fiber had better result than other percentages and control sample.}, keywords = {Asphalt, Modifiers,Palm fiber,Indirect Tensile Strength,Marshall Test}, url = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_127586.html}, eprint = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_127586_2feca1df859c9ca5fd0f50ba64ed846e.pdf} } @article { author = {Thabassum, shabana and Kumar, Molugaram}, title = {Moderation Effect of Raveling on Bleeding failure of Flexible Pavements}, journal = {International Journal of Transportation Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {335-340}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute}, issn = {2322-259X}, eissn = {2538-3728}, doi = {10.22119/ijte.2021.223891.1511}, abstract = {This paper evaluates the moderation effect of raveling on bleeding failure of Flexible pavements with the support of moderation models. Failures in flexible pavements results due to its component layers which undergo distress due to innumerable causes. There are different types of failures in flexible pavements like alligator cracking, corrugations, shoving, pot holes, rutting, raveling and bleeding. Determination of the type and extent of failure and its reason is necessary to facilitate correction in mix design, construction and maintenance for the road projects. A moderator is a qualitative or quantitative variable that affects the direction and/or strength of the relation between an independent or predictor variable and a dependent or criterion variable. Four road sections have been considered for data collection and model validation. Linear models have been developed to check the mediation and moderation effects of raveling on bleeding failure for both the roads and these models are validated on other two road sections. The study accentuates that there is no mediating effect of raveling on bleeding but it effects the bleeding moderately. These validated models can be surely used to find the bleeding failure, if ravelling parameters are known and hence, the survey time and cost can be minimized.}, keywords = {Rutting,Ravelling,Bleeding,Moderator,Mediator and chi-square test}, url = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_122106.html}, eprint = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_122106_0cd77bbc66502e68250548c5a8d0a354.pdf} } @article { author = {omrani, hamed and Mamdoohi, Amir Reza and Farzin, Iman}, title = {Taste variation of the elderly mode choice: The role of socio-economic, attitude and behavior factors}, journal = {International Journal of Transportation Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {341-362}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute}, issn = {2322-259X}, eissn = {2538-3728}, doi = {10.22119/ijte.2021.140699.1418}, abstract = {Considering increasing population aging in many countries, it is necessary to pay more attention to the travel behavior of the elderly. Although previous studies show that attitudes play an important role in mode choice, few studies investigate the effect of these factors in mode choice of the elderly, practically, heterogeneity and its source. This research investigates the role of socio-economic and attitude factors on taste variation of the elderly in mode choice, and its main sources. Based on a total of 524 questionnaires distributed among the elderly in thirteen districts of Mashhad, Iran in January 2016, factor analysis is used to identifying attitude factors like environmental, safety, convenience, comfort, and flexibility. Mixed logit (MXL) and latent class (LC) models are employed to test heterogeneity among the elderly and also to determine its possible sources. Results of MXL show that several socio-economic, travel mode attributes and attitude factors have a significant effect on the elderly mode choice, which car ownership of the elderly and travel time of walking are heterogeneous variables among parameters with random normal distribution coefficient. Moreover, the results of latent class models show that flexibility is the main source of heterogeneity based on which individuals will fall into two classes. Results show that increasing the importance of the individual's attitude toward flexibility of travel mode, reduces the probability of individual's membership in class 1. Significant variables in class 1 include: having no accompanied, having a driving license, car ownership, flexibility, the travel time of walking and comfort. Findings suggest that identifying needs of the elderly and reducing travel time for non-mandatory trips encourage them to use public and walking mode. Also, incentive policies to reduce car ownership of the elderly and increase safety and comfort in other travel modes are essential factors in reducing the use of a private car for this age group.}, keywords = {Attitude,heterogeneity,The elderly,mode choice,latent class model,mixed logit model}, url = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_122447.html}, eprint = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_122447_a83ea41eef618f40362e03ad3ea90867.pdf} } @article { author = {Golchin, Babak and Hamzah, Meor Othman and Valentin, Jan}, title = {Effects of Combined Environmental Factors on Stiffness and Rutting Properties of Warm Mix Asphalt}, journal = {International Journal of Transportation Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {363-382}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute}, issn = {2322-259X}, eissn = {2538-3728}, doi = {10.22119/ijte.2021.209944.1502}, abstract = {Abstract Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a sustainable clean product that can be fabricated at lower temperatures.  This is an environmentally friendly mixture due to its lower emission and energy consumption in asphalt production plants. Moisture conditioning and aging process are two environmental factors that can adversely affect the stiffness properties of this product. In the field, WMAs are subjected to both moisture damage and aging. In this paper, a new laboratory method was used for evaluating the combined effects of aging and moisture conditioning of WMA samples. WMA specimens were fabricated at various compaction temperatures with different amounts of a surfactant-wax warm additive. Stiffness properties of asphalt mixtures were quantified from the resilient modulus and dynamic creep test. The results showed that moisture conditioning and aging are competing to affect the stiffness properties of mixtures. Polymer modified asphalt mixtures were found to be less susceptible to moisture damage when compared to mixtures fabricated with unmodified binder. Compaction temperature was the most significant factor that affected the resilient modulus of WMA. In the dynamic creep test, the combined effects of aging and moisture conditioning reduced the cumulative micro strain of samples regardless of binder type, additive content and compaction temperature.}, keywords = {Warm Mix Asphalt,aging,Creep,Moisture Damage,Resilient Modulus}, url = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_127609.html}, eprint = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_127609_7887ad95fbf84ee6cbb48dcdf2144301.pdf} } @article { author = {Saffarzadeh, Mahmoud and Mazaheri, Akram and Naseralvai, Saber}, title = {Development of a new integrated surrogate safety measure for applying in intelligent vehicle systems}, journal = {International Journal of Transportation Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {383-398}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute}, issn = {2322-259X}, eissn = {2538-3728}, doi = {10.22119/ijte.2021.260315.1547}, abstract = {This paper aims to develop a new Surrogate Safety Measure (SSM) for applying in In-vehicle collision avoidance warning systems. To send safety alarms, the amount of collision risk is required, which of course can be measured with only one measure. To accurately determine the risk of an accident at any given time, 7 valid safety measures including Time to collision (TTC), Modified TTC (MTTC), General formulation for TTC (GTTC), Deceleration-based surrogate safety measure (DSSM), Difference of Space distance and Stopping distance (DSS), Deceleration rate to avoid collision (DRAC), and Proportion of Stopping Distance (PSD) were used together and with different thresholds to provide a more accurate estimate of the risk for each moment. A certain range of thresholds was assigned to each of the mentioned measures. As a result, Adequate number of thresholds (in this paper 800 thresholds) were created for the 7 measures. One of the advantages of this system is that it not only considers the present time to provide an alarm, but also the recent past of the vehicle (the last half-second). This means that the proposed integrated measure can determine the risky situations by considering the past and present of the vehicle. Finally, given the estimated collision risk and also based on the ascending or descending trend of the risk according to the vehicle's past situation, five alarm types were designed. The greater the risk of a collision in a moment, the stronger and more efficient the alarm type.}, keywords = {car-following,read-end collision,surrogate safety measure,In-vehicle alarms}, url = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_128676.html}, eprint = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_128676_45beaf711bbe026b08a7e4147a5e49d5.pdf} } @article { author = {Nadimi, Navid and Khalifeh, Vahid and Khoshdel Sangdeh, Amin and Mohammadian Amiri, Amir}, title = {Evaluation of the effect of driving education and training programs on modification of driver's dangerous behaviors}, journal = {International Journal of Transportation Engineering}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {399-414}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Tarrahan Parseh Transportation Research Institute}, issn = {2322-259X}, eissn = {2538-3728}, doi = {10.22119/ijte.2021.237613.1523}, abstract = {In Iran, despite all efforts have been devoted to reduce crash frequencies, statistics indicate that the crash fatalities have recently been increasing. In more than 90% of accidents, human errors and misjudgements have been reported to be the main contributing factor. This has drawn significant attention to problems relating to driving style, which are generally formed by early-stage driver's education and training programs (DETPs). In this regard, in Iran, like any other jurisdiction, beginner drivers must participate in a short-term DETP before taking the driving license exam. The programs consist of two parts: classroom theory education and in-car practical training. This paper seeks to evaluate the effect of DETP on dangerous driving behaviours of drivers using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Accordingly, data relating to 510 drivers were gathered, regarding their demographics and attitudes about DETPs specifications. Results indicated that training can be more effective than education in reducing unsafe behaviours. In addition, human characteristics have been identified as an important factor in decreasing risky driving and this can easily fade the impact of a proper DETP. The related administrates also must consider more seriousness for the final exams and assessments of DETPs. Finally, the establishment of strict rules and punishments for traffic violations can be a successful way of increasing the efficiency of DEPTs.}, keywords = {Education,Driver,Structural Equation Modelling,safety,Training}, url = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_123120.html}, eprint = {http://www.ijte.ir/article_123120_3728d24ac78475b49a5ca1e1643a1187.pdf} }