Comparing the Accessibility of Rescue Centers in the Districts of Tehran Municipality after Catastrophic Earthquakes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD. Candidate, School of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, School of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, School of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

In this research, the centers involved in relief operations in Tehran traffic area districts have been compared and the supply-demand ratio has been specified through a relation presented separately for each district. The supply has been evaluated based on three parameters: 1) No of relief centers, 2) congestion of the main road (the ratio of the length of the main road to the area of the district), and 3) the ratio of the length of the main road to those of the secondary roads. The demand has been considered based on the number of casualties waiting for relief per unit area of each district.
After delimiting the districts in the case study and extracting the network’s populations and roads information layers in the GIS, two road classes were specified: 1) main roads (capable of working under disaster conditions) and 2) secondary roads (capable of obstructing relief operations in needy areas). Next, the parameters were co equalized with their corresponding maximum values and scaled in the 0-100 range. The final results have been shown separately for each district (totally 32 in number) as the accessibility index. Accordingly, districts with indices smaller than 2 are considered as weakly accessible and those with indices more than 15 as properly accessible; districts with indices 2-8.5 have average accessibility.

Keywords


-Alinezhad, H., Yaghubi, S., Hoseini Motlagh,  S. M. Allahyari, M. and Saghafi, N. (2017)" An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for a Class of Capacitated Vehicle Routing", International Journal of Transportation Engineering (IJTE) , Vol. 5, No. 20, pp. 331-347.
-Babaeia, M., Shariat Mohaymany, A. and Nikoo, N. (2017)" Emergency transportation network designproblem: Identification and evaluation of disaster response routes", International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.07.003
-Balijepalli, N. C. and ppong, O. (2014) "Measuring vulnerability of road network considering the extent of serviceability of critical road links in urban areas", Journal of Transport Geography,                                                https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.06.025
-California Department of Transportation (1994) "Post-eearthquake investigation team(PEQIT)", report: Northridge earthquake, 17 January.
-EM-DAT (2015) "The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database", http://www.emdat.net.
-EunSu, Lee (2014) "Designing service coverage and measuring accessibility and serviceability of rural and small urban ambulance systems", Systems,  Vol. 2, pp.34-53 ISSN  2079-8954,   doi:10.3390/systems2010034.
-Japan International Cooperation Agency – JICA- (2000) "The study on seismic microzoning of the greater Tehran area, Center for earthquake and environmental studies of Tehran(Cest)",Tehran Municipality.
-Luis E.de la Torre, Irina S.Dolinskaya,Karen R.Smilowitz.(2011) "Disaster Relief Routing: Integrating Research and Practice", Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2011.06.001
- Mohamadi, A. and Yaghubi, S. (2017) "A bi-objective stochastic model for emergency medical services network design with backup services for disasters under disruptions: An earthquake case study", http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.05.003.
-Nagurney,A.&Qiang,Q.(2007) "A transportation network efficiency measure that captures flows,behavior,and costs with applications to network component importance identification and vulnerability".Proceedings of the POMS 18th Annual Conference,Dallas, Texas,USA,MAY.      
-Scott, D. M., Novak, D. C., Aultman-hall, L. and Guo, F. (2006) "Network robustness index: A new methods for identifying critical links and evaluating the performance of transportation networks", Journal of Transport Geography,Vol. 14, pp.215-227.
- Giovinazzi, S.  and Nicholson, A. (2010) "Transport network reliability in seismic risk analysis and management",14 ECEE
-Statistical Center of Iran(2016) "Tehran Statistical Yearbook", 2016.
-Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R., Raziei, Z. and Tabrizian, S. (2016) "Solving a bi-objective multi-product vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous fleets under an uncertainty condition", International Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 207-225.
-Taylor, M. A., Sekhar, S. V. and Este, G. M. (2006) "Application of accessibility based methods for vulnerability analysis of strategic road networks", Networks and Spatial Economics, Vol. 6, pp.267-291.
-Tehran Comprehensive Transportation and Traffic Studies Company (2015) "Selected data of Tehran transportation", Tehran: Tehran Municipality.
-Tehran Comprehensive Transportation & Traffic Studies Company  (2008) “Models of presenting the comprehensive studies of Tehran traffic and transportation”, Report 905-3-6.
-Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (2010) "Determining site magnification coefficients, extracting fragility function, and evaluating fatalities due to earthquake for Tehran buildings", final report (chapter 3, 4).
- Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (2015) "Rapid evaluation system of Tehran earthquake fatalities and damage", deputy prevention and risk reduction.
- Wakabayashi, H. and Iida,Y. (1992) "Upper and lower bounds of terminal reliability of road networks: An efficient method with Boolean algebra", Journal of Natural Disaster Science, Vol. 14, pp. 29-44.